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Mass Add , Join tools scripts.
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JAVA script tutorial
JAVA script tutorial
JAVA script tutorial
i m only having sum data about java i donot know how 2 make
i only want to share it with u frnd
but i think the name given below knows about java if they help us we ll also able to learn that
ㅤNikhilesh♂ ㅤ
http://www.orkut.com/Profile.aspx?uid=16066078232168479821
TREE
http://www.orkut.com/Profile.aspx?uid=2268490144038615245
D3
http://www.orkut.com/Profile.aspx?uid=2113193420684494842
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introduction
Content of JavaScript
JavaScript is a powerful, object-based scripting language; JavaScript programs can be embedded directly in HTML web pages.
When combined with the Document Object Model (DOM) defined by a web browser, JavaScript allows you to create Dynamic HTML content and interactive client-side web applications. JavaScript syntax is based on the popular programming languages C, C++, and Java, which makes it familiar and easy to learn for experienced programmers.
At the same time, JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language, providing a flexible programming environment in which new programmers can learn easily.
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What is Javascript
Html is providing static web pages but with the developments in internet & World Wide Web the interactive communication became a necessity. The World Wide Web is a heap of pages having information if form of text, graphics, pictures, sounds etc. Every page is linked to another page on web and the linked page can have links to other pages.
Browser is a program responsible to understand and interpret the language and perform according to the instructions written in HTML file. Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Fire Fox etc. are such programs.
HTML, JavaScript is integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
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JavaScript is Java or what?
No, JavaScript is not java.
Java is a complex and much more powerful language like C & C++.
While
HTML, JavaScript are integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript an html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mouse click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What we can do using JavaScript?
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript a html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mousing click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
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What we should know before learning JavaScript ?
We should have knowledge of HTML before learning JavaScript. A JavaScript program can be typed in head or in body part of the HTML page or it could be attached externally to the web page
------------------------------------------------------------------
What minimum Hardware and Software requirements are to run JavaScript?
Hardware Requirements
Processor: 486 dx4 or above
RAM: 16 MB
VDU: VGA or SVGA
HDD: 1.2 GB or above
Software Requirements
Operating System: Windows or Linux with browser
Text Editor: Any text editor likes notepad or editplus etc.
How to use JavaScript into HTML code?
A JavaScript program can be kept in html page under < script> JavaScript program < /script> tag. We can place unlimited number of scripts in the html program in head or body section.
Keeping JavaScript in head section
If we want that the JavaScript program should be executed when it is called, then we should keep it in head section.
How to keep JavaScript in head section of a HTML file:
< html>
< head>
< script type=”text/JavaScript”>
script code
< /script>
< /head>
< /head>
This is just syntax (how & where to type), we will learn it in detail after learning functions.
Keeping JavaScript in body section
If we want that the script should be executed when the page loads then we should keep the JavaScript program in body section.
How to keep JavaScript in body section of a HTML file :
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type=”text/JavaScript”>
script code
< /script>
< /body>
< /head>
This is just syntax (how & where to type) we will learn it in detail after learning variables.
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Is semi colon needed to end the statement in JavaScript?
Putting semi color at the end of the statement is optional, if you want you can place else you can leave. Putting semi color at end of the statement depends on the user's choice.
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript an html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mouse click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
HTML, JavaScript are integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
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What is data type & Variable?
Number
The number type deals with digits, It covers both floating point numbers and integers.
Floating point numbers are like - 412.562, 9.2, 0.468
Integer numbers are like : 25, 1258, 968
initializing number type variables
Var age = 25
Var is javascript keyword, age is a variable name, 25 is value assigned to age variable, variable age is of number type because the value assigned to age is of number type.
Var hra = 1585.56
Var is javascript keyword, hra is a variable name, 1585.56 is value assigned to hra variable, variable hra is of number type because the value assigned to hra is of number type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (messge ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example
< html>
< head> < /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var age=25 document.write("Age is : "+age);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a javascript program, var is to declare a variable of name age and 25 is the value assigned to the variable age. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Age is : ) and the value of variable a (25).
Output of this program
Age is : 25
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var hra=1585.25 document.write("HRA is : "+hra);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a javascript program, var is to declare a variable of name hra and 1585.25 is the value assigned to the variable hra. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( HRA is: 25)
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String
String type deals with a single character or a series of characters enclosed with single quotes or double quotes respectively.
Initializing string type variables
var sect = ‘a’
var is JavaScript keyword, sect is a variable name, a is value assigned to sect variable, variable sect is of string type because the value assigned to sect is of string type.
var country=”India”
var is JavaScript keyword, country is a variable name, India is value assigned to country variable, variable country is of string type because the value assigned to country is of string type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var sect=’a’
document.write("Section is : "+sect);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a JavaScript program, var is to declare a variable of name sect and ‘a’ is the value assigned to the variable sect. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Section is : ) and the value of variable sect (a).
Output of this program
section is : a
Click here to run this program in browser
Example 2:
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var country=’India’
document.write("Country is : "+country);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a JavaScript program, var is to declare a variable of name country and “India” is the value assigned to the variable country. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Country is : ) and the value of variable country (India).
Output of this program
Country is : India
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Boolean
Boolean type has only two values true and false. These constant values are case-sensitive.
Initializing Boolean type variables
var present = true
var is JavaScript keyword, present is a variable name, true is value assigned to present variable, variable present is of Boolean type because the value assigned to present is of boolean type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var present = true
var attend = false
document.write("Student Status in School : "+present);
document.write("
Class Attended : "+attend);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
present & absent are two variables of Boolean type having values true and false respectively.
is a html tag used to insert a new line.
Output of this program
Student Status in School : true
Class Attended : false
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null & undefined
Null type has only one value, null. The null value means ‘no data’ or this variable do not have any useful data.
Undefined type has one value, undefined, undefined means nothing is stored in this variable. Undefined is not even null.
Initializing null type variable
var food = null
var is JavaScript keyword, food is a variable name, null is value assigned to food variable.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var food=null
document.write("food is : "+food);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
food is a variable of null type having no type of values or data.
output of this program
food is : null
click here to view result of this program in browser
Knowing undefined type variable
var food ;
var is JavaScript keyword, food is a variable name, no value is assigned to variable food.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var food;
document.write("food is : "+food);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
food is a variable of undefined type , because nothing is defined to it .
Output of this program
food is : undefined
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infinity and NAN
infinity is a property of a number. It represents mathematical infinity.
Example
Var infi= 1e400*1e350;
Var is javascript keyword, infi is a variable name, 1e400 * 1e350 value assigned to infi variable.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var infi = 1e300 * 1e300;
document.write("Value stored in infi is : "+infi);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output of this program
Value stored in infi is : Infinity
Click here to view result of this program in browser
Nan Stands for not a number and is a result of a mathematical operation which do not have any sense. This happens generally when we divide a 0 by 0.
Example
var k = 0/0 ;
var is JavaScript keyword, k is a variable name, 0/0 value is assigned to variable k.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var k = 0/0;
document.write("Value stored in k is : "+k);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output of this program
Value stored in k is : NaN
Arrays
If we require many variables of same or different types then a problem of remembering names of variables and many functional problems will arise. Concept of array allows us to store different data type data pieces under the same name in an ordered way. It helps in creating many variables. There is no need of remembering their names because they all have the same name but different positions in the array. The count of location in an array starts from 0 not from 1, means the first location is 0th location and 12th is 11th .
Declaring an array variable
Method 1
var d = new Array (“One”, “Two”, “Three”, “Four”);
Understanding the declaration
var - is reserve word
d - is the name of the array
new - is a reserve word , sets that much number of locations in memory as much parameters given with Array( );
Array( ) - is a reserve word , provides the input to new that how much memory locations are to be reserved.
“One”, “Two”, “Three”,” Four” – are the values to set in d named array variable as much the count of these variables is that much of locations in memory will be reserved by new (reserve word).
Method 2
var sales = new Array (12);
Understanding the declaration
var - is reserve word
sales - is the name of the array
new - is a reserve word , sets that much number of locations in memory as much parameters given with Array( ), in this case 12 locations will be occupied;
Array( ) - is a reserve word , provides the input to new that how much memory locations are to be reserved. 12 – is the count of locations to be reserved.
Assigning values to an array locations
Sales[0] = “Rubber”;
Sales [1] = 12000;
Sales[2] = “Plastic”;
Sales [3] = 18000;
At 0th position of sales named array the value is “Rubber “ and at 1st position 12000 is stored. So we can place different data types data in the same array.
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Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var d = new Array("One","Two","Three","Four");
document.write("Value at 0th position of d is "+d[0]);
document.write("< br>Value at 1st position of d is "+d[1]);
document.write("< br>Value at 2nd position of d is "+d[2]);
document.write("< br>Value at 3rd position of d is "+d[3]);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output is
Value at 0th position of d is One
Value at 1st position of d is Two
Value at 2nd position of d is Three
Value at 3rd position of d is Four
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var sales = new Array(12);
sales[0]="Rubber";
sales[1]=12000;
sales[2]="Plastic"
sales[3]=18000;
document.write("Value at 0th position of sales is "+sales[0]);
document.write("< br>Value at 1st position of sales is "+sales[1]);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output is
Value at 0th position of sales is Rubber
Value at 1st position of sales is 12000
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Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in daily life, like adding , subtracting, multiplying , dividing etc. The arithmetic operators are supported by JavaScript are :
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
++ Increment
-- Decrement
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=40; var b = 50; var c= 5;
var d; d = a+b document.write("< br> Value of a is : "+a);
document.write("< br> Value of b is : "+b);
document.write("< br> Value of c is : "+c);
document.write("< br>Sum of a & b is : "+d);
d=b-c; document.write("< br>Difference of b & c is : "+d);
d= a*c;
document.write("< br>Multiplication of a & c is : "+d);
d=b/c;
document.write("< br>Quotient of Division of b & c is : "+d);
d = a%c; document.write("< br>Remainder of Division of a & c is : "+d);
a++; b--;
document.write(“< br>Value of A is now “+a);
document.write(“< br>Value of b is now “+b);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
Variable d store the result of every arithmetic operation with the two operands and displays the result. Division operator (/) returns the quotient of the division like 40/5= 8 but modulus (%) returns the remainder of the division like 40%5 = 0.the value of a will get increment with one a++ is equal to a=a+1 and b-- is equal to b = b-1. so the value of a was 40 it got incremented with one and became 41 while the value of b was 50 and got decremented with one and became 49.
Output is:
Value of a is: 40
Value of b is: 50
Value of c is: 5
Sum of a & b is: 90
Difference of b & c is: 45
Multiplication of a & c is: 200
Quotient of Division of b & c is: 10
Remainder of Division of a & c is: 0
Value of A is now 41
Value of b is now 49
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Logical Operators
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform Boolean operations on operands. Logical operators are and (&&), or ( || ) , not (!) . The value returned after using a logical operator is Boolean value true or false. Logical operators are connectors of expressions also.
Operator Description
&& Both the expression should be correct then it returns true else it returns false. It is known as “and” operator
|| If Any of the given expressions is found true then it returns true else it returns false.
! If the given expression is true it returns false and if given expression is false it returns true.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script>
var a=9
var b=8
var c=25
document.write("< br> a is : "+a)
document.write("< br> a is : "+b)
document.write("< br> a is : "+c)
document.write("< br>is a greater than b and greater c also ? : "+(a>b && a>c)) document.write("< br>is a greater than b or greater c ? : "+(a>b || a>c)) document.write("< br>not c is greater than a ? : "+!(c>a))
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
a is : 9
a is : 8
a is : 25
is a greater than b and greater c also ? : false
is a greater than b or greater c ? : true
not c is greater than a ? : false
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Assignment Operators
As the name suggest these operators are used to assign values to variables. The right hand value or variable is assigned to the left hand variable. Different assignment operators are listed below with these use.
Operator Description Example
= This operator is used to assign value of variable/value only at right hand of it to the variable at left hand of this operator. A=5 B=a C=a+b
+= Increments the left hand variable with the right hand variable a+=b or a=a+b
-= Decrements the left hand variable with the right hand variable a-=b or a=a-b
*= Multiplies the left hand variable with the right hand variable a*=b or a=a*b
/= Divides the left hand variable with the right hand variable a/=b or a=a/b
%= Keeps the remainder of division of left hand variable by right hand variable in the left hand variable a%=b or a=a%b
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a,b
a=5
b = 6
document.write("< br>Value of a : "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b : "+b);
a+=b;
document.write("< br>Value of a after a+=b : "+a);
a-=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a-=b : "+a);
a*=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a*=b : "+a);
a/=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a/=b : "+a);
a%=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a%=b : "+a);
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a : 5
Value of b : 6
Value of a after a+=b : 11
Value of a after a-=b : 5
Value of a after a*=b : 30
Value of a after a/=b : 5
Value of a after a%=b : 5
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Comparison Operators
As the name suggest these operators are used to compare two variable values. The left hand variable is compared with the right hand operator using these operators. The answer returned after use of these expressions is a Boolean value which tell that whether comparisons is true or false. A programmer can program for either situation. Different comparison operators are listed below.
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Operator Description Example
== This operator is used to compare value or variable at right hand of it to the variable at left hand of this operator. A==b 5==9 (returns false)
=== This three times equal sign is called strictly equal sign it checks for values as well type of datas contained by the variables at left hand and right hand A=90 B=90 C=”90” A===B will return true because value of A & B is 90 and both are number A===C will return false because value of A & C is 90 but types are different
!= This operator is called not equal it checks whether the left and right operands are not equal then it returns true else returns false A=50 B=90 C=50 A!=B will return true A!=C will return false
> This operator is known as greater than if the left operand is greater than right operand then returns true else return false A=45 B=15 C=90 a>b will return true a>c will return false
< This operator is known as less than if the left operand is less than right operand then returns true else return false A=45 B=15 C=90 A< b will return false A< c will return true
>= This operator is known as greater than equal to if the left hand operand is greater than or equal to right hand operand then it returns true else false A=45 B=95 C=45 A>=b will return false A>=c will return true because both are equal.
< = This operator is known as less than equal to if the left han operand is lesser than or equal to the right hand operand then it returns true else it returns false. A=45 B=95 C=45 A< =b will return true A< =c will return true because both are equal.
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Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a,b,c; var d;
a=5
b = 6
c=4
d="6"
document.write("< br>Value of a : "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b : "+b);
document.write("< br>Value of c : "+c);
document.write("< br>Value of d : "+d);
document.write("< br>Result of a==b : "+(a==b));
document.write("< br>Result of a===b : "+(a===b));
document.write("< br>Result of b===d : "+(b===d));
document.write("< br>Result of a!=b : "+(a!=b))
document.write("< br>Result of a>=b : " +(a>=b));
document.write("< br>Result of a< =b : " +(a< =b));
document.write("< br>Result of (a>d) : " + (a>d));
document.write("< br>Result of (b< =c) : " + (b< c));
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a : 5
Value of b : 6
Value of c : 4
Value of d : 6
Result of a==b : false
Result of a===b : false
Result of b===d : false
Result of a!=b : true
Result of a>=b : false
Result of a< =b : true
Result of (a>d) : false
Result of (b< =c) : false
Understanding the program:
In above program, we have used all the operators described and the result is also displayed from which we can understand the functioning of comparison operators.
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String Operators
A string operator joins two string values of two string variables and creates a third string value. String operators concatenates two strings. Even the value is numeric in a string variable it is also concatenated.
Like “20” + “30”
the answer will be 2030, not 50.
Operator Description Example
+ This operator joins the string at left hand side with the string at right hand side A=”India”
B=”Gate”
C=A+B - C is holding a value
IndiaGate
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=" India "
var b = "Gate"
var c= a+b
document.write("< br>Value of a "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b "+b);
document.write("< br>Value of c "+c);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a India
Value of b Gate
Value of c IndiaGate
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Ternary Operators
Ternary operator require one expression, on variable or value for true case and one variable or value for false case. If the condition in given expression is found true it assigns value to variable present in true value position else the value of false value position will be assigned.
variable = condition ? true value : false value
Variable to which you want to assign value = condition ? in case of condition is true this value will be assigned : in case of condition is false this value will be assigned
like:
var p=90
var a = p>100 ? 25:50
p is having value 90 we are comparing that whether p is greater than 100 which is false because p is 90 so the value 50 will be assigned to a. If p =150 then value 25 will be assigned to a.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=50
var b b= a>=50 ? "Greater then or equal to 50 " : "Lesser than 50" document.write("< br>Value of a "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b "+b);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding program :
value of a is 50 we are checking that if a is greater than or equal to 50 then “Greater than or equal to 50” should be assigned to it else “Lesser than 50” should be assigned to variable b . here value of a is 50 so the condition becomes true and “Greater than or equal to 50” will be placed in variable b.
Output:
Value of a 50
Value of b Greater then or equal to 50
Popup Boxes
Alert Box
Alert box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with an OK button, user have to click on the ok button to proceed.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
alert("Hit me to proceed")
document.write(" Have a nice day ");
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
User can type his desired message with the alert box in the quotes like alert(“what ever text user want “). This message will be displayed with the alert window to guide the user.
Output is:
Have a nice day
Prompt Box
Prompt box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with a text box along with two buttons . One OK and other Cancel. Prompt method has ability to return the text kept with the prompt method's text box , this value can be assigned to some variable and can be used as and when require.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
prompt ("Enter your name", "")
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
A dialog box with a text box and two buttons will appear, the message typed with prompt method will be displayed on the dialog box the text box will appear blank , if any text is typed at the place of blank (“ ”), that text will appear in the text box on dialog box.
Click here to view result of this program on browser
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
prompt ("Enter your name", " enter your name here")
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
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Understanding program :
As we know that prompt method has the ability to return the text stored in it’s text box, so the name fed by the user will be stored in the name variable and address of user in address variable, which will be displayed on the screen by document.write method.
Output is :
Your Name : Rhythm
Your Address : A -45, Preet Vihar, Delhi – 110092
Confirm Box
Confirm box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with two buttons. One Ok and other Cancel. This method can be used to get the response of user in positive by clicking on ok and in negative by clicking on cancel. The value returned by the confirm method in case of OK is true and in case of Cancel is false. A programmer can program the code for positive and negative situations depending on the response returned by the user.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
a=confirm(" Want to Proceed ? ");
document.write("Your have clicked on : "+a);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
If user will clicks on Ok then you have clicked on true will appear
If user will clicks on Cancel then you have clicked on false will appear
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introduction
Content of JavaScript
JavaScript is a powerful, object-based scripting language; JavaScript programs can be embedded directly in HTML web pages.
When combined with the Document Object Model (DOM) defined by a web browser, JavaScript allows you to create Dynamic HTML content and interactive client-side web applications. JavaScript syntax is based on the popular programming languages C, C++, and Java, which makes it familiar and easy to learn for experienced programmers.
At the same time, JavaScript is an interpreted scripting language, providing a flexible programming environment in which new programmers can learn easily.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is Javascript
Html is providing static web pages but with the developments in internet & World Wide Web the interactive communication became a necessity. The World Wide Web is a heap of pages having information if form of text, graphics, pictures, sounds etc. Every page is linked to another page on web and the linked page can have links to other pages.
Browser is a program responsible to understand and interpret the language and perform according to the instructions written in HTML file. Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Fire Fox etc. are such programs.
HTML, JavaScript is integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
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JavaScript is Java or what?
No, JavaScript is not java.
Java is a complex and much more powerful language like C & C++.
While
HTML, JavaScript are integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript an html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mouse click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What we can do using JavaScript?
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript a html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mousing click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
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What we should know before learning JavaScript ?
We should have knowledge of HTML before learning JavaScript. A JavaScript program can be typed in head or in body part of the HTML page or it could be attached externally to the web page
------------------------------------------------------------------
What minimum Hardware and Software requirements are to run JavaScript?
Hardware Requirements
Processor: 486 dx4 or above
RAM: 16 MB
VDU: VGA or SVGA
HDD: 1.2 GB or above
Software Requirements
Operating System: Windows or Linux with browser
Text Editor: Any text editor likes notepad or editplus etc.
How to use JavaScript into HTML code?
A JavaScript program can be kept in html page under < script> JavaScript program < /script> tag. We can place unlimited number of scripts in the html program in head or body section.
Keeping JavaScript in head section
If we want that the JavaScript program should be executed when it is called, then we should keep it in head section.
How to keep JavaScript in head section of a HTML file:
< html>
< head>
< script type=”text/JavaScript”>
script code
< /script>
< /head>
< /head>
This is just syntax (how & where to type), we will learn it in detail after learning functions.
Keeping JavaScript in body section
If we want that the script should be executed when the page loads then we should keep the JavaScript program in body section.
How to keep JavaScript in body section of a HTML file :
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type=”text/JavaScript”>
script code
< /script>
< /body>
< /head>
This is just syntax (how & where to type) we will learn it in detail after learning variables.
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Is semi colon needed to end the statement in JavaScript?
Putting semi color at the end of the statement is optional, if you want you can place else you can leave. Putting semi color at end of the statement depends on the user's choice.
HTML coders are not programmer but using JavaScript an html operator can do programming in a very simple way because JavaScript is very simple and easy to learn and understand. JavaScript is capable of making a static page as dynamic page, where the programmer can put variables. JavaScript has the ability to sense the events like mouse click, movement, keyboarding events etc. We can use HTML in JavaScript i.e. JavaScript can understand HTML. The JavaScript program hence decreasing the unnecessary traffic on lines and useless processing at server end can validate the data fed by the user at client end.
HTML, JavaScript are integrated with browser & this integration enables the programmer to add dynamic interaction to the text, picture, information on the web page. JavaScript is case sensitive language i.e.; state is different from State or STATE (these are three different words for JavaScript). JavaScript is capable of sensing the events like mousing clicking, mousing moving etc. JavaScript files are directly executed when user double clicks on them or opens them in Browser.
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What is data type & Variable?
Number
The number type deals with digits, It covers both floating point numbers and integers.
Floating point numbers are like - 412.562, 9.2, 0.468
Integer numbers are like : 25, 1258, 968
initializing number type variables
Var age = 25
Var is javascript keyword, age is a variable name, 25 is value assigned to age variable, variable age is of number type because the value assigned to age is of number type.
Var hra = 1585.56
Var is javascript keyword, hra is a variable name, 1585.56 is value assigned to hra variable, variable hra is of number type because the value assigned to hra is of number type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (messge ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example
< html>
< head> < /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var age=25 document.write("Age is : "+age);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a javascript program, var is to declare a variable of name age and 25 is the value assigned to the variable age. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Age is : ) and the value of variable a (25).
Output of this program
Age is : 25
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var hra=1585.25 document.write("HRA is : "+hra);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a javascript program, var is to declare a variable of name hra and 1585.25 is the value assigned to the variable hra. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( HRA is: 25)
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String
String type deals with a single character or a series of characters enclosed with single quotes or double quotes respectively.
Initializing string type variables
var sect = ‘a’
var is JavaScript keyword, sect is a variable name, a is value assigned to sect variable, variable sect is of string type because the value assigned to sect is of string type.
var country=”India”
var is JavaScript keyword, country is a variable name, India is value assigned to country variable, variable country is of string type because the value assigned to country is of string type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var sect=’a’
document.write("Section is : "+sect);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a JavaScript program, var is to declare a variable of name sect and ‘a’ is the value assigned to the variable sect. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Section is : ) and the value of variable sect (a).
Output of this program
section is : a
Click here to run this program in browser
Example 2:
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var country=’India’
document.write("Country is : "+country);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
< script > tag is the start of a JavaScript program, var is to declare a variable of name country and “India” is the value assigned to the variable country. document.write is used to print the given message and/or value of a given variable. We have used + sign here which is used to concatenate the message ( Country is : ) and the value of variable country (India).
Output of this program
Country is : India
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Boolean
Boolean type has only two values true and false. These constant values are case-sensitive.
Initializing Boolean type variables
var present = true
var is JavaScript keyword, present is a variable name, true is value assigned to present variable, variable present is of Boolean type because the value assigned to present is of boolean type.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var present = true
var attend = false
document.write("Student Status in School : "+present);
document.write("
Class Attended : "+attend);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
present & absent are two variables of Boolean type having values true and false respectively.
is a html tag used to insert a new line.
Output of this program
Student Status in School : true
Class Attended : false
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null & undefined
Null type has only one value, null. The null value means ‘no data’ or this variable do not have any useful data.
Undefined type has one value, undefined, undefined means nothing is stored in this variable. Undefined is not even null.
Initializing null type variable
var food = null
var is JavaScript keyword, food is a variable name, null is value assigned to food variable.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var food=null
document.write("food is : "+food);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
food is a variable of null type having no type of values or data.
output of this program
food is : null
click here to view result of this program in browser
Knowing undefined type variable
var food ;
var is JavaScript keyword, food is a variable name, no value is assigned to variable food.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var food;
document.write("food is : "+food);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program
food is a variable of undefined type , because nothing is defined to it .
Output of this program
food is : undefined
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infinity and NAN
infinity is a property of a number. It represents mathematical infinity.
Example
Var infi= 1e400*1e350;
Var is javascript keyword, infi is a variable name, 1e400 * 1e350 value assigned to infi variable.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var infi = 1e300 * 1e300;
document.write("Value stored in infi is : "+infi);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output of this program
Value stored in infi is : Infinity
Click here to view result of this program in browser
Nan Stands for not a number and is a result of a mathematical operation which do not have any sense. This happens generally when we divide a 0 by 0.
Example
var k = 0/0 ;
var is JavaScript keyword, k is a variable name, 0/0 value is assigned to variable k.
In the example given below we have used keyword document.write (message ) which is used to print the message or variable value given with it.
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var k = 0/0;
document.write("Value stored in k is : "+k);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output of this program
Value stored in k is : NaN
Arrays
If we require many variables of same or different types then a problem of remembering names of variables and many functional problems will arise. Concept of array allows us to store different data type data pieces under the same name in an ordered way. It helps in creating many variables. There is no need of remembering their names because they all have the same name but different positions in the array. The count of location in an array starts from 0 not from 1, means the first location is 0th location and 12th is 11th .
Declaring an array variable
Method 1
var d = new Array (“One”, “Two”, “Three”, “Four”);
Understanding the declaration
var - is reserve word
d - is the name of the array
new - is a reserve word , sets that much number of locations in memory as much parameters given with Array( );
Array( ) - is a reserve word , provides the input to new that how much memory locations are to be reserved.
“One”, “Two”, “Three”,” Four” – are the values to set in d named array variable as much the count of these variables is that much of locations in memory will be reserved by new (reserve word).
Method 2
var sales = new Array (12);
Understanding the declaration
var - is reserve word
sales - is the name of the array
new - is a reserve word , sets that much number of locations in memory as much parameters given with Array( ), in this case 12 locations will be occupied;
Array( ) - is a reserve word , provides the input to new that how much memory locations are to be reserved. 12 – is the count of locations to be reserved.
Assigning values to an array locations
Sales[0] = “Rubber”;
Sales [1] = 12000;
Sales[2] = “Plastic”;
Sales [3] = 18000;
At 0th position of sales named array the value is “Rubber “ and at 1st position 12000 is stored. So we can place different data types data in the same array.
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Example 1
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
var d = new Array("One","Two","Three","Four");
document.write("Value at 0th position of d is "+d[0]);
document.write("< br>Value at 1st position of d is "+d[1]);
document.write("< br>Value at 2nd position of d is "+d[2]);
document.write("< br>Value at 3rd position of d is "+d[3]);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output is
Value at 0th position of d is One
Value at 1st position of d is Two
Value at 2nd position of d is Three
Value at 3rd position of d is Four
Example 2
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var sales = new Array(12);
sales[0]="Rubber";
sales[1]=12000;
sales[2]="Plastic"
sales[3]=18000;
document.write("Value at 0th position of sales is "+sales[0]);
document.write("< br>Value at 1st position of sales is "+sales[1]);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output is
Value at 0th position of sales is Rubber
Value at 1st position of sales is 12000
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Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators are used in daily life, like adding , subtracting, multiplying , dividing etc. The arithmetic operators are supported by JavaScript are :
Operator Description
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
++ Increment
-- Decrement
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=40; var b = 50; var c= 5;
var d; d = a+b document.write("< br> Value of a is : "+a);
document.write("< br> Value of b is : "+b);
document.write("< br> Value of c is : "+c);
document.write("< br>Sum of a & b is : "+d);
d=b-c; document.write("< br>Difference of b & c is : "+d);
d= a*c;
document.write("< br>Multiplication of a & c is : "+d);
d=b/c;
document.write("< br>Quotient of Division of b & c is : "+d);
d = a%c; document.write("< br>Remainder of Division of a & c is : "+d);
a++; b--;
document.write(“< br>Value of A is now “+a);
document.write(“< br>Value of b is now “+b);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
Variable d store the result of every arithmetic operation with the two operands and displays the result. Division operator (/) returns the quotient of the division like 40/5= 8 but modulus (%) returns the remainder of the division like 40%5 = 0.the value of a will get increment with one a++ is equal to a=a+1 and b-- is equal to b = b-1. so the value of a was 40 it got incremented with one and became 41 while the value of b was 50 and got decremented with one and became 49.
Output is:
Value of a is: 40
Value of b is: 50
Value of c is: 5
Sum of a & b is: 90
Difference of b & c is: 45
Multiplication of a & c is: 200
Quotient of Division of b & c is: 10
Remainder of Division of a & c is: 0
Value of A is now 41
Value of b is now 49
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Logical Operators
Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to perform Boolean operations on operands. Logical operators are and (&&), or ( || ) , not (!) . The value returned after using a logical operator is Boolean value true or false. Logical operators are connectors of expressions also.
Operator Description
&& Both the expression should be correct then it returns true else it returns false. It is known as “and” operator
|| If Any of the given expressions is found true then it returns true else it returns false.
! If the given expression is true it returns false and if given expression is false it returns true.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script>
var a=9
var b=8
var c=25
document.write("< br> a is : "+a)
document.write("< br> a is : "+b)
document.write("< br> a is : "+c)
document.write("< br>is a greater than b and greater c also ? : "+(a>b && a>c)) document.write("< br>is a greater than b or greater c ? : "+(a>b || a>c)) document.write("< br>not c is greater than a ? : "+!(c>a))
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
a is : 9
a is : 8
a is : 25
is a greater than b and greater c also ? : false
is a greater than b or greater c ? : true
not c is greater than a ? : false
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Assignment Operators
As the name suggest these operators are used to assign values to variables. The right hand value or variable is assigned to the left hand variable. Different assignment operators are listed below with these use.
Operator Description Example
= This operator is used to assign value of variable/value only at right hand of it to the variable at left hand of this operator. A=5 B=a C=a+b
+= Increments the left hand variable with the right hand variable a+=b or a=a+b
-= Decrements the left hand variable with the right hand variable a-=b or a=a-b
*= Multiplies the left hand variable with the right hand variable a*=b or a=a*b
/= Divides the left hand variable with the right hand variable a/=b or a=a/b
%= Keeps the remainder of division of left hand variable by right hand variable in the left hand variable a%=b or a=a%b
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a,b
a=5
b = 6
document.write("< br>Value of a : "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b : "+b);
a+=b;
document.write("< br>Value of a after a+=b : "+a);
a-=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a-=b : "+a);
a*=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a*=b : "+a);
a/=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a/=b : "+a);
a%=b
document.write("< br>Value of a after a%=b : "+a);
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a : 5
Value of b : 6
Value of a after a+=b : 11
Value of a after a-=b : 5
Value of a after a*=b : 30
Value of a after a/=b : 5
Value of a after a%=b : 5
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Comparison Operators
As the name suggest these operators are used to compare two variable values. The left hand variable is compared with the right hand operator using these operators. The answer returned after use of these expressions is a Boolean value which tell that whether comparisons is true or false. A programmer can program for either situation. Different comparison operators are listed below.
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Operator Description Example
== This operator is used to compare value or variable at right hand of it to the variable at left hand of this operator. A==b 5==9 (returns false)
=== This three times equal sign is called strictly equal sign it checks for values as well type of datas contained by the variables at left hand and right hand A=90 B=90 C=”90” A===B will return true because value of A & B is 90 and both are number A===C will return false because value of A & C is 90 but types are different
!= This operator is called not equal it checks whether the left and right operands are not equal then it returns true else returns false A=50 B=90 C=50 A!=B will return true A!=C will return false
> This operator is known as greater than if the left operand is greater than right operand then returns true else return false A=45 B=15 C=90 a>b will return true a>c will return false
< This operator is known as less than if the left operand is less than right operand then returns true else return false A=45 B=15 C=90 A< b will return false A< c will return true
>= This operator is known as greater than equal to if the left hand operand is greater than or equal to right hand operand then it returns true else false A=45 B=95 C=45 A>=b will return false A>=c will return true because both are equal.
< = This operator is known as less than equal to if the left han operand is lesser than or equal to the right hand operand then it returns true else it returns false. A=45 B=95 C=45 A< =b will return true A< =c will return true because both are equal.
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Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a,b,c; var d;
a=5
b = 6
c=4
d="6"
document.write("< br>Value of a : "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b : "+b);
document.write("< br>Value of c : "+c);
document.write("< br>Value of d : "+d);
document.write("< br>Result of a==b : "+(a==b));
document.write("< br>Result of a===b : "+(a===b));
document.write("< br>Result of b===d : "+(b===d));
document.write("< br>Result of a!=b : "+(a!=b))
document.write("< br>Result of a>=b : " +(a>=b));
document.write("< br>Result of a< =b : " +(a< =b));
document.write("< br>Result of (a>d) : " + (a>d));
document.write("< br>Result of (b< =c) : " + (b< c));
< /script>
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a : 5
Value of b : 6
Value of c : 4
Value of d : 6
Result of a==b : false
Result of a===b : false
Result of b===d : false
Result of a!=b : true
Result of a>=b : false
Result of a< =b : true
Result of (a>d) : false
Result of (b< =c) : false
Understanding the program:
In above program, we have used all the operators described and the result is also displayed from which we can understand the functioning of comparison operators.
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String Operators
A string operator joins two string values of two string variables and creates a third string value. String operators concatenates two strings. Even the value is numeric in a string variable it is also concatenated.
Like “20” + “30”
the answer will be 2030, not 50.
Operator Description Example
+ This operator joins the string at left hand side with the string at right hand side A=”India”
B=”Gate”
C=A+B - C is holding a value
IndiaGate
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=" India "
var b = "Gate"
var c= a+b
document.write("< br>Value of a "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b "+b);
document.write("< br>Value of c "+c);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Output:
Value of a India
Value of b Gate
Value of c IndiaGate
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Ternary Operators
Ternary operator require one expression, on variable or value for true case and one variable or value for false case. If the condition in given expression is found true it assigns value to variable present in true value position else the value of false value position will be assigned.
variable = condition ? true value : false value
Variable to which you want to assign value = condition ? in case of condition is true this value will be assigned : in case of condition is false this value will be assigned
like:
var p=90
var a = p>100 ? 25:50
p is having value 90 we are comparing that whether p is greater than 100 which is false because p is 90 so the value 50 will be assigned to a. If p =150 then value 25 will be assigned to a.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
var a=50
var b b= a>=50 ? "Greater then or equal to 50 " : "Lesser than 50" document.write("< br>Value of a "+a);
document.write("< br>Value of b "+b);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding program :
value of a is 50 we are checking that if a is greater than or equal to 50 then “Greater than or equal to 50” should be assigned to it else “Lesser than 50” should be assigned to variable b . here value of a is 50 so the condition becomes true and “Greater than or equal to 50” will be placed in variable b.
Output:
Value of a 50
Value of b Greater then or equal to 50
Popup Boxes
Alert Box
Alert box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with an OK button, user have to click on the ok button to proceed.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
alert("Hit me to proceed")
document.write(" Have a nice day ");
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
User can type his desired message with the alert box in the quotes like alert(“what ever text user want “). This message will be displayed with the alert window to guide the user.
Output is:
Have a nice day
Prompt Box
Prompt box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with a text box along with two buttons . One OK and other Cancel. Prompt method has ability to return the text kept with the prompt method's text box , this value can be assigned to some variable and can be used as and when require.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
prompt ("Enter your name", "")
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
A dialog box with a text box and two buttons will appear, the message typed with prompt method will be displayed on the dialog box the text box will appear blank , if any text is typed at the place of blank (“ ”), that text will appear in the text box on dialog box.
Click here to view result of this program on browser
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/javascript">
prompt ("Enter your name", " enter your name here")
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
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Understanding program :
As we know that prompt method has the ability to return the text stored in it’s text box, so the name fed by the user will be stored in the name variable and address of user in address variable, which will be displayed on the screen by document.write method.
Output is :
Your Name : Rhythm
Your Address : A -45, Preet Vihar, Delhi – 110092
Confirm Box
Confirm box is a dialog box which displays a message in a small window with two buttons. One Ok and other Cancel. This method can be used to get the response of user in positive by clicking on ok and in negative by clicking on cancel. The value returned by the confirm method in case of OK is true and in case of Cancel is false. A programmer can program the code for positive and negative situations depending on the response returned by the user.
Example
< html>
< head>
< /head>
< body>
< script type="text/JavaScript">
a=confirm(" Want to Proceed ? ");
document.write("Your have clicked on : "+a);
< /script >
< /body>
< /html>
Understanding the program:
If user will clicks on Ok then you have clicked on true will appear
If user will clicks on Cancel then you have clicked on false will appear
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